Sunscreen : Making a healthy and informed choice

Véronique Cousineau; ND, NHN

For many years, we have known how important it is to protect our skin from the sun's ultraviolet rays. These rays are closely linked to skin cancer. Sunscreen, when applied properly, is an excellent way to enjoy the beautiful weather without the risk of burning.

Although sunscreen lotions are an integral part of our summers, the ingredients they contain are controversial. It's time to get to the bottom of this issue so you can enjoy the sun safely.

Getting to know the ingredients

For starters, every sunscreen has an active ingredient as its base, which can be physical, chemical, or a combination of both. Physical ingredients include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. These are minerals that, once deposited on the skin, block ultraviolet rays. To date, they are considered the healthiest way to protect yourself from the sun.

Chemical agents are numerous and often combined. The most commonly used chemical agent is oxybenzone. Several scientific federations have stated that chemical ingredients should not be considered safe and require more research.

Why be wary

Many ingredients used in sunscreens are not tested. In fact, the EWG (Environmental Working Group) has stated that the majority of sunscreens available on the market pose health risks.

Several chemical agents contained in sunscreens seem to disrupt the hormonal and endocrine (glandular) system. According to scientific studies, sex and thyroid hormones are particularly affected. Among the worrying effects, we note among others delays in puberty, disturbance of the menstrual cycle, and a weakening of the spermatozoids.

The application of chemical sunscreens on the skin can also cause reactions.

To avoid

For safe sun protection, avoid sunscreens with these ingredients:

• Oxybenzone: skin allergies, hormonal imbalances, endometriosis, impairs sperm production;
• Octinoxate: hormonal and reproductive system disruption, affects thyroid health;
• Homosalate: disruption of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone production;
• Octocrylene: skin allergies;
• Avobenzone: skin allergies;
• Retinyl palmitate: linked to the formation of carcinogenic lesions on the skin;
• Parabens, phthalates: endocrine disruptors, immune system toxins;
• Benzophenone: toxic to non-reproductive organs and possibly carcinogenic;
• Methylisothiazolinone: named allergen of the year in 2013;
• Perfumes: skin and respiratory allergies, can cause headaches and migraines.

Mineral rather than chemical

To avoid the risks associated with chemical ingredients, choose mineral-based creams:

• Zinc oxide
• Titanium dioxide

These ingredients provide sun protection without causing health risks. Zinc oxide, being a natural antioxidant, also protects against UVA rays.

Other important criteria

• Sun Protection Factor (SPF) SPF 15 to 50 provides excellent protection against UVB rays;
• UVB and UVArays: a broad spectrum sunscreen will provide protection against both types of cancer-causing rays;
• In cream sunscreen particles are not necessarily safe when inhaled. Choosing a cream instead of a spray will minimize the risk of volatilization;
• Whitish appearance Although the more transparent versions are more aesthetically pleasing, they offer less protection against UVA rays.

Be careful

Since sunburns cause permanent damage and increase the risk of skin cancer, prevention is the best way to enjoy sunbathing.

• Skin at risk For maximum vigilance, it is ideal to cover yourself with appropriate clothing. Babies, the elderly and people with severe burns, cancers and other skin disorders should wear long sweaters and pants, as well as a hat;
• MedicationsIf you are taking medication, your skin may be more sensitive to the sun. Ask your pharmacist about photosensitivity;
• Essential oils Essential oils: some essential oils make your skin more prone to reddening in the sun. Ask your naturopath when purchasing essential oils.

Checklist for healthy protection

• Use a mineral sunscreen with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide;
• Use a cream instead of a spray;
• Avoid the chemical agents listed above;
• Look for UVB and UVA protection;
• Apply sunscreen often and generously;
• Reapply sunscreen after swimming.

Sunburned? Here's how to care for your skin while minimizing damage:

• Apply Aloe vera gel immediately. Repeat three times a day for 5 days;
• Spray witch hazel floral water between applications of aloe vera gel to soothe burns;
• Smear coconut oil on the skin before bedtime;
• Take 5,000 mg of vitamin C daily for 2 weeks.

Sources:

• Environmental Working Group (EWG)
• David Suzuki Foundation
• Skin Cancer Foundation